Perl 5 Symbols and Explanations (This list is not complete) ; end of line token + addition - subtrction * multiplication / division \a bell \b backspace \cn control + n character \e escape \E ends effects of \L, \U or \Q \f form feed \l forces next letter lowercase \L all following letters lowercase \n new line \r carriage return \Q do not look for special pattern characters \t tab \u forces next letter uppercase \U all following letters uppercase \v vertical tab = assignment only += addition and assignment --= subtraction and assignment *= multiplication and assignment /= division and assignment %= remainder and assignment **= exponentation and assignment &= bitwise AND and assignment |= bitwise OR and assignment ^= bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR and assignment ** exponentation % remainder || logical OR && logical AND ! logical NOT & bitwise AND | bitwise OR ^ bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR ~ bitwise NOT << left shift >> right shift ++ autoincrement -- autodecrement . concatenate (join) x repeats string .= concatenation and assignment .. list range operator lt < less than gt > greater than eq == equals le <= less than or equal to ge >= greater than or equal to ne != not equal to cmp <=> compare, returning 1,0 or -1 $whatever scalar variable @whatever array variable